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Yemeni unification took place on May 22, 1990, when the area of the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (also known as South Yemen) was united with the Yemen Arab Republic (also known as North Yemen), forming the Republic of Yemen (known as simply Yemen). ==Background== Unlike East and West Germany, North and South Korea, or North and South Vietnam, the two Yemens were relatively friendly, though relations were often strained. Also unlike Germany, Korea, and Vietnam, the two Yemens were not formed by a civil war or occupation. North Yemen became a state after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in November 1918, whereas South Yemen at that time had been a British colony; a South Yemeni insurgency led by two nationalist parties revolted, causing the United Kingdom to withdraw from its former colony. Following the North Yemen Civil War, the north established a republican government that included tribal representatives. It enjoyed modest oil revenues and remittances from its citizens working in the oil-rich Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Its population in the 1980s was estimated at 12 million as opposed to 3 million in South Yemen.〔Jonsson, Gabriel, (Towards Korean reconciliation: socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation ), Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2006, pages 38-48〕 South Yemen developed as a Marxist, mostly secular〔Laessing, Ulf, (Women of southern Yemen port remember better times ) Reuters, January 22, 2010〕 society ruled first by the National Liberation Front, which later morphed into the ruling Yemen Socialist Party. The only avowedly Marxist nation in the Middle East, South Yemen received significant foreign aid and other assistance from the USSR.〔Gart, Murray, (South Yemen New Thinking in a Marxist Land ), Time, January 09, 1989〕 In October 1972, fighting erupted between north and south; North Yemen supplied by Saudi Arabia and South Yemen by the USSR. Fighting was short-lived and the conflict led to the October 28, 1972 Cairo Agreement, which set forth a plan to unify the two countries.〔(CIA Study on Yemeni Unification )〕〔Gause, Gregory, (Saudi-Yemeni relations: domestic structures and foreign influence ), Columbia University Press, 1990, page 98〕 Fighting broke out again in February and March 1979, with South Yemen allegedly supplying aid to rebels in the north through the National Democratic Front and crossing the border.〔Hermann, Richard, (Perceptions and behavior in Soviet foreign policy ), University of Pittsburgh Pre, 1985, page 152〕 Southern forces made it as far as the city of Taizz before withdrawing.〔Hoagland, Edward, (Balancing Acts ), Globe Pequot, 1999, page 218〕〔(Interview with ''Al-Hamdani'' ) Middle East Research and Information Reports, February 1985〕 This conflict was also short-lived.〔Burrowes, Robert, (Middle East dilemma: the politics and economics of Arab integration ), Columbia University Press, 1999, pages 187 to 210〕 In the late 1980s, oil exploration near the border between the two nations, Ma'rib in North Yemen and the Shabwah Governorate in the South, spurred interest in developing agreements to exploit resources there and lift both nations' economies.〔Whitaker, Brian, (The Birth of Modern Yemen ), e-book available at Al-Bab, 1979〕 In May 1988, the two governments came to an understanding that considerably reduced tensions, including agreements to renew discussions concerning unification, to establish a joint oil exploration area along their undefined border, now called the Joint Investment Area, by the Hunt Oil Company and Exxon.〔CIA, page 3〕 The same month, they formed the Yemeni Company for Investment in Mineral and Oil Resources (YCIMOR).〔Ismael, Sharif, (Unification in Yemen: Dynamics of Political Integration ), Thesis paper written for Wadhamn College, 2001, page 24〕 In November 1989, Ali Abdullah Saleh of North Yemen and Ali Salim al-Beidh of South Yemen jointly accepted a draft unity constitution originally drawn up in 1981, which included a demilitarized border and border passage by Yemenis on the sole basis of a national identification card, as well as a capital city in Sana'a. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yemeni unification」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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